<1>提問方式

1.AccordingtoParagraph…,whichofthefollowingistrueaboutX?

2.AccordingtoParagraph…,how/what/why…?

3.Paragraph…/ThepassagesupportswhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutX?

朗閣海外考試研究中心的專家認(rèn)為帶有提問方式的題型可以總結(jié)為以下幾個(gè)特點(diǎn)：

a.該題型屬于細(xì)節(jié)類題型，并且在大部分情況下題干中會(huì)出現(xiàn)一個(gè)明確的細(xì)節(jié)定位詞───X。

b.該題型是對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)信息的正面提問（由題干中true/support可知），這一點(diǎn)與否定事實(shí)信息題相反。

c.該題型疑問部分一般由特殊疑問詞：which/how/what/why…引導(dǎo)，可以得出該題型可以就某細(xì)節(jié)信息的具體“特性、原因、方式等”進(jìn)行發(fā)問。

<2>解題步驟：

第一步：讀題干，劃出定位詞。

定位詞特點(diǎn)：

a.在提問方式1和3當(dāng)中就是X所代表的部分。

b.在提問方式2中比較復(fù)雜，一般是尋找該句中的名詞部分，多數(shù)充當(dāng)句中的主語或賓語。

c.定位詞有可能是原文原詞或者近義詞。

例題：

1.Accordingtoparagraph6,whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutaquifersindesertsistrue?(TPO12WaterintheDesert)

本題干的定位詞即aquifers,符合提問方式1。

2.Accordingtoparagraph7,whywouldasocialgroupuseshunning?(TPO13TypesofSocialGroups)

本題干的定位詞即shunning,符合提問方式2。

3.Paragraph1supportswhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutpaintinginEurope?(TPO4CaveArtinEurope)

本題干的定位詞即是paintinginEurope,符合提問方式3。

第二步：根據(jù)定位詞回原文進(jìn)行定位。

注意：

1.若定位詞非原文原詞，在定位過程中要對(duì)其在原文中的同義替換詞敏感。

2.若定位詞在原文中出現(xiàn)若干次，要關(guān)注所有出現(xiàn)過的地方。

例題：

Paragraph3:Thesubjectsofthepaintingsaremostlyanimals.Thepaintingsrestonbarewalls,withnobackdropsorenvironmentaltrappings.Perhaps,likemanycontemporarypeoples,UpperPaleolithicmenandwomenbelievedthatthedrawingofahumanimagecouldcausedeathorinjury,andifthatwereindeedtheirbelief,itmightexplainwhyhumanfiguresarerarelydepictedincaveart.Anotherexplanationforthefocusonanimalsmightbethatthesepeoplesoughttoimprovetheirluckathunting.Thistheoryissuggestedbyevidenceofchipsinthepaintedfigures,perhapsmadebyspearsthrownatthedrawings.Butifimprovingtheirhuntingluckwasthechiefmotivationforthepaintings,itisdifficulttoexplainwhyonlyafewshowsignsofhavingbeenspeared.Perhapsthepaintingswereinspiredbytheneedtoincreasethesupplyofanimals.CaveartseemstohavereachedapeaktowardtheendoftheUpperPaleolithicperiod,whentheherdsofgameweredecreasing.(TPO4:CaveArtinEurope)

Accordingtoparagraph3,scholarsexplainedchipsinthepaintedfiguresofanimalsbyproposingthat______○UpperPaleolithicartistsusedmarkstorecordtheanimalstheyhadseen.

○Thepaintingswereinspiredbytheneedtoincreasethesupplyofanimalsforhunting.

○Theartistshadremovedroughspotsonthecavewalls.

○UpperPaleolithicpeopleusedthepaintingstoincreasetheirluckathunting.

解題步驟：

1.讀題干，找出定位詞chips

2.根據(jù)定位詞回原文進(jìn)行定位，發(fā)現(xiàn)在原文中只有一處出現(xiàn)了chips的原詞。那么暫且將答案鎖定在該句。

Paragraph6:Allthisapplies,ofcourse,onlytoanadultleatherback.Hatchlingsaresimplytoosmalltoconservebodyheat,evenwithinsulationandcountercurrentexchangesystems.Wedonotknowhowold,orhowlarge,aleatherbackhastobebeforeitcanswitchfromacold-bloodedtoawarm-bloodedmodeoflife.Leatherbacksreachtheirimmensesizeinamuchshortertimethanittakesotherseaturtlestogrow.Perhapstheirrushtoadulthoodisdrivenbyasimpleneedtokeepwarm.(TPO15:AWarm-bloodedTurtle)

11.Accordingtoparagraph6,whichofthefollowingstatementsismostaccurateaboutyoungleatherbackturtles?○Theylackthecountercurrentexchangesystemsthatdevelopinadulthood.

○Theirrateofgrowthisslowerthanthatofotherseaturtles.

○Theyloseheateasilyevenwithinsulationandcountercurrentexchangesystems.

○Theyswitchbetweencold-bloodedandwarm-bloodedmodesthroughouttheirhatchlingstage

解題步驟：

1.讀題干，劃出定位詞youngleatherbackturtles

2.根據(jù)定位詞回原文進(jìn)行定位，在原文中并不能找到原文原詞。因此，考慮有可能是近義詞，進(jìn)而發(fā)現(xiàn)youngleatherbackturtles的同義替換詞hatchlings。

（點(diǎn)評(píng)：該題的難點(diǎn)就在于定位，考生必須要對(duì)同義替換詞非常熟悉）

Paragraph6:Groundwaterisstoredintheporespacesandjointsofrocksandunconsolidated(unsolidified)sedimentsorintheopeningswidenedthroughfracturesandweathering.Thewater-saturatedrockorsedimentisknownasan"aquifer".Becausetheyareporous,sedimentaryrocks,suchassandstonesandconglomerates,areimportantpotentialsourcesofgroundwater.Largequantitiesofwatermayalsobestoredinlimestoneswhenjointsandcrackshavebeenenlargedtoformcavities.Mostlimestoneandsandstoneaquifersaredeepandextensivebutmaycontaingroundwatersthatarenotbeingrecharged.Mostshallowaquifersinsandandgraveldepositsproduceloweryields,buttheycanberapidlyrecharged.Somedeepaquifersareknownas"fossilwaters.Theterm"fossil"describeswaterthathasbeenpresentforseveralthousandyears.Theseaquifersbecamesaturatedmorethan10,000yearsagoandarenolongerbeingrecharged.(TPO12:WaterintheDesert)

8.Accordingtoparagraph6,whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutaquifersindesertsistrue?

○Waterfromlimestoneandsandstoneaquifersisgenerallybettertodrinkthanwaterfromsandandgravelaquifers

○Sandandgravelaquiferstendtocontainlessgroundwaterthanlimestoneorsandstoneaquifers

○Groundwaterindeepaquifersismorelikelytoberechargedthangroundwaterinshallowaquifers

○Sedimentaryrocks,becausetheyareporous,arenotcapableofstoringlargeamountsofgroundwater

解題步驟：

1.讀題干，找出定位詞aquifersindeserts

2.根據(jù)定位詞回原文進(jìn)行定位，在原文中找到了aquifers的原文原詞，但問題是出現(xiàn)了五次。

（點(diǎn)評(píng)：該題的難點(diǎn)不在于尋找定位詞，而在于定位詞出現(xiàn)次數(shù)過多，因此考生此時(shí)需要看的范圍非常大，對(duì)于考生篩選信息的能力要求比較高。）

第三步：比較定位句和選項(xiàng)，篩選出和原文信息匹配的選項(xiàng)。

注意：

1.大多數(shù)情況下答案就在定位詞所在的句子里，但有時(shí)也有可能位于定位句的上一句或下一句。

2.考生只需要核對(duì)定位句的信息和選項(xiàng)里的信息是否吻合即可，不需要推理。

3.該題型對(duì)于考生的長(zhǎng)難句分析能力要求比較高，因?yàn)橥ㄎ痪涠际墙Y(jié)構(gòu)上比較復(fù)雜的句子。

例題：

Paragraph4:Nomadismalsosubjectspastoralistmunitiestostrictrulesofportability.Ifyouareconstantlyonthemove,youcannotaffordtoaccumulatelargematerialsurpluses.Suchruleslimitvariationsinaccumulatedmaterialgoodsbetweenpastoralisthouseholds(thoughtheymayalsoencourageatasteforportablegoodsofhighvaluesuchassilksorjewelry).So,byandlarge,nomadismimpliesahighdegreeofself-sufficiencyandinhibitstheappearanceofanextensivedivisionoflabor.Inequalitiesofwealthandrankcertainlyexist,andhaveprobablyexistedinmostpastoralistsocieties,butexceptinperiodsofmilitaryconquest,theyarenormallytooslighttogeneratethestable,hereditaryhierarchiesthatareusuallyimpliedbytheuseofthetermclass.Inequalitiesofgenderhavealsoexistedinpastoralistsocieties,buttheyseemtohavebeensoftenedbytheabsenceofsteephierarchiesofwealthinmostmunities,andalsobytherequirementthatwomenacquiremostoftheskillsofmen,including,often,theirmilitaryskills.(TPO14:PastoralisminAncientInnerEurasia)

9.Accordingtoparagraph4,thefactthatpastoralistmunitiesaresubjectto“strictrulesofportability”encouragessuchmunitiesto

○relocatelessfrequentlythantheywouldotherwise

○havehouseholdsthataremoreorlessequalinwealth

○beself-sufficientinthemanufactureofsilkandjewelry

○sharelargematerialsurpluseswithneighboringmunities

解題步驟：

1.讀題干，尋找定位詞，即題干部分已經(jīng)標(biāo)記陰影的strictrulesofportability。

2.根據(jù)定位詞回原文進(jìn)行定位，很容易發(fā)現(xiàn)定位詞所在的句子即是第一句。但仔細(xì)閱讀發(fā)現(xiàn)本句話并不是答案。因?yàn)轭}目是想問某個(gè)現(xiàn)象的影響，而第一句話只是在描述這個(gè)現(xiàn)象。那么只有繼續(xù)往下看，發(fā)現(xiàn)第三句話Suchruleslimit…可以推斷這里的代詞suchrules應(yīng)該指代的定位詞strictrulesofportability,而且仔細(xì)閱讀該句話的意思也是在說明某件事的影響。

3.比較定位句與選項(xiàng)：

定位句：Suchruleslimitvariationsinaccumulatedmaterialgoodsbetweenpastoralisthouseholds.大致意思說：“這樣的條例會(huì)限制不同游牧家庭之間所收集的產(chǎn)品的差別”。

選項(xiàng)A談到relocate定居，不符合該句話；B選項(xiàng)moreorlessequalinwealth就等同于limitvariationsinaccumulatedmaterialgoods;C選項(xiàng)self-sufficient自滿自足的，不符合原文；D選項(xiàng)sharelargematerialsurplus共享剩余產(chǎn)品資料，不符合原文。

點(diǎn)評(píng)：

該題的主要難點(diǎn)在于定位詞所在句并不是答案，考察考生在更大范圍內(nèi)搜索答案。在考試時(shí)間比較緊張的情況之下，非?？疾煲粋€(gè)考生的沉著冷靜。

Paragraph1:Petroleum,consistingofcrudeoilandnaturalgas,seemstooriginatefromorganicmatterinmarinesediment.Microscopicorganismssettletotheseafloorandaccumulateinmarinemud.Theorganicmattermaypartiallydpose,usingupthedissolvedoxygeninthesediment.Assoonastheoxygenisgone,decaystopsandtheremainingorganicmatterispreserved.

2.Accordingtoparagraph1,whichofthefollowingistrueaboutpetroleumformation?

○Microscopicorganismsthatliveinmudproducecrudeoilandnaturalgas.

○Largeamountsofoxygenareneededforpetroleumformationtobegin.

○Petroleumisproducedwhenorganicmaterialinsedimentsbineswithdecayingmarineorganisms.

○Petroleumformationappearstobegininmarinesedimentswhereorganicmatterispresent.

解題步驟：

1.讀題干，找到定位詞petroleumformation;

2.根據(jù)定位詞回原文進(jìn)行定位，沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)定位詞，并且通段都是在介紹petroleum是如何形成的。所以，此時(shí)只能通讀整段，結(jié)合排除法對(duì)選項(xiàng)一一排除。

3.選項(xiàng)A微生物microscopicorganism能夠制造出原油crudeoil和天然氣，不符合原文。因?yàn)楦鶕?jù)文章，石油的形成主要來自于有機(jī)物organicmatter,而微生物microscopicorganism只是起到一個(gè)幫助前者分解的作用。因此要排除A。選項(xiàng)B考點(diǎn)詞為L(zhǎng)argeamountsofoxygen,原文并沒有提到具體需要的氧氣量。選項(xiàng)Corganicmaterial與marineorganisms結(jié)合形成石油，不符合原文，因?yàn)閼?yīng)該是有機(jī)物organicmatter和微生物microscopicorganism結(jié)合。選項(xiàng)D符合原文，與原文第一句話Petroleum,consistingofcrudeoilandnaturalgas,seemstooriginatefromorganicmatterinmarinesediment的意思符合。其中同義替換部分為originatefrom=begin。

點(diǎn)評(píng)：

該題的主要難點(diǎn)在于定位詞不夠specific,不夠獨(dú)特。當(dāng)該題型給出的定位詞整個(gè)通段都在描述相關(guān)信息的時(shí)候，那么考生極有可能需要通段瀏覽，且只能用排除法一一進(jìn)行排除。

小結(jié)：

綜上所述，可以言簡(jiǎn)意賅地說事實(shí)信息題主要考察考生的兩種能力：定位&同義轉(zhuǎn)換。朗閣海外考試研究中心的專家認(rèn)為考生可以沿著這兩個(gè)方向去備考，另外建議廣大考生先學(xué)習(xí)詞匯題和句子簡(jiǎn)化題，然后再學(xué)習(xí)事實(shí)信息題。