托福閱讀推理題的答題技巧
35 2017-07-06
托福閱讀推理題是比較常見(jiàn)的一種題型,一般包括兩個(gè)事物對(duì)比推理,時(shí)間對(duì)比推理和集合概念推理等題型,新托福閱讀推理題有比較明顯的標(biāo)志,也有其獨(dú)特的答題技巧,下面,小編就為大家傳授托福閱讀推理題的解題方法。
一、推理題的標(biāo)志
推理題的題干中一般含有infer,imply,mostlikely,leastlikely,probably等詞,分為有共性的推理題和無(wú)共性的推理題兩大類。
二、推理題的做法
對(duì)于無(wú)共性的推理題,也就是題干中無(wú)線索的,一般使用排除法,即根據(jù)各個(gè)選項(xiàng)的關(guān)鍵詞回原文定位,通過(guò)排除法得出正確答案。
對(duì)于有共性的推理題,也就是題干中有線索的,建議考生可以先圈定題干中的關(guān)鍵詞,根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞回原文定位,然后進(jìn)行推理。推理題主要有下列思路:
1.一般對(duì)比推理
ETS設(shè)計(jì)推理題的手段不多,根據(jù)兩個(gè)事物的對(duì)比特征出題是其中之一。問(wèn)其中一個(gè)事物的特征時(shí),只要將與之形成對(duì)比的另一個(gè)事物的特征否定掉就可以了。
例如:
Itshouldbeobviousthatcetaceans,whales,porpoises,anddolphinsaremammals.Theybreathethroughlungs,notthroughgills,andgivebirthtoliveyoung.Theirstreamlinedbodies,theabsenceofhindlegs,andthepresenceofaflukeandblowholecannotdisguisetheiraffinitieswithland-dwellingmammals.However,unlikethecasesofseaottersandpinnipeds(seals,sealions,andwalruseswhoselimbsarefunctionalbothonlandandatsea),itisnoteasytoenvisionwhatthefirstwhaleslookedlike.
Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromparagraph1aboutearlyseaotters?
A.Itisnotdifficulttoimaginewhattheylookedlike.
B.Thereweregreatnumbersofthem.
C.Theylivedintheseaonly.
D.Theydidnotleavemanyfossilremains.
2.時(shí)間對(duì)比推理
這種思路常被考到。在這種推理中,一般有兩個(gè)形成對(duì)比的時(shí)間段,它們所具有的特征一般相反。當(dāng)題干問(wèn)一個(gè)時(shí)間段的特征時(shí),只要將與之相反的時(shí)間段的特征否定掉就可以了。
例:
BasictoanyunderstandingofCanadainthe20yearsaftertheSecondWorldWaristhecountry’simpressivepopulationgrowth….
…ItappearedthatCanadawasoncemorefallinginstepwiththetrendtowardsmallerfamiliesthathadoccurredallthroughtheWesternworldsincethetimeoftheIndustrialRevolution.
ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatbeforetheIndustrialRevolution
(A)familieswerelarger.
(B)populationstatisticswereunreliable.
(C)thepopulationgrewsteadily.
(D)economicconditionswerebad.
3.集合概念推理
集合概念推理也可以稱之為百分比推斷,它指的是在一個(gè)集合中,包含兩個(gè)相對(duì)的方面,共同構(gòu)成一個(gè)大的集合。一方所占的比例減少意味著另一方所占比例的增加;反之一方所占的比例增加意味著另一方所占比例的減少。根據(jù)這一思路,可以由集合中一方的數(shù)量變化推斷另一方的消減。
例:
Afolkcultureissmall,isolated,cohesive,conservative,nearlyself-sufficientgroupthatishomogeneousincustomandrace,withastrongfamilyorclanstructureandhighlydevelopedrituals.…UnalteredfolkculturesnolongerexistinindustrializedcountriessuchastheUnitedStatesandCanada….
Bycontrast,apopularcultureisalargeheterogeneousgroup,oftenhighlyindividualisticandconstantlychanging.
WhatdoestheauthorimplyabouttheUnitedStatesandCanada?
(A)Theyvaluefolkcultures.
(B)Theyhavenosocialclasses.
(C)Theyhavepopularcultures.
(D)Theydonotvalueindividualism.
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